Exhaust pipe of a steam turbine

ABSTRACT

An exhaust pipe of a steam turbine having channels for providing communication between the condenser steam space and the zone of root sections of the moving blades of the rotor final stages, and provided in the condenser steam space with a header having nozzles for the supply of the cooling steam-water mixture to the condenser zone adjoining the channels.

United States Patent [191 Chernyshev et a1.

1 1 EXHAUST PIPE OF A STEAM TURBINE [76] Inventors: Petr Sergeevich Chernyshev,

Prospekt Engeksa, 22 kv. 219; Konstantin Alexeevich Spiridonov, Sredneokhtinsky prospekt, 26/ 1 7, kv. 88; Vladimir Alexandrovich Pakhomov, ulitsa Tukhachevskogo, 35, kv. 53; Viktor Kuzmich Ryzhkov, Bolshaya Porokhovskaya ulitsa, 41, kv. 71; Petr Stanislavovich Gladkovsky, ulitsa Tavricheskaya, 45, kv. l; Viktor Semenovich Shargorodsky, ulitsa Zamshina, 50, kv. 217; Georgy Vasilievich Nikolafv, ulitsa Gerasimovskaya, l5, kv. 131; Izrail Mordukhovich Volfson, ulitsa Granitnaya, 46, korpus 1,,kv. 54; Boris Leonidovich Levchenko, ulitsa Tukhachevskogo, 35, kv. 16, all of Leningrad, U.S.S.R.; Alexandr Nikolaevich Shlyapin, deceased, late of prospekt Tukhachevskogo, 35, kv. 46, Leningrad, U.S.S.R. by Tatyana lvanovna Davidovich, administrator June 28, 1974 [52] US. Cl. 415/116, /94 R [51] Int. Cl. F01d 5/00 [58] Field of Search 415/102, 168, 116, 117, 415/115; 60/94 R, R

[56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 873,041 12/1907 Gray 60/94 R 1,405,090 1/1922 Baumann 415/102 1,405,564 2/1922 Baumann 60/94 R 1,814,629 7/1931 Hanzlik 415/168 2,064,825 12/1936 Flanders t 60/95 R 2,076,621 4/1937 Davies 60/95 R 2,507,796 5/1950 Martin 415/168 2,997,283 8/1961 Seglem 60/94 R FOREIGN PATENTS OR APPLICATIONS 1,098,959 2/1961 Germany 415/ Primary Examiner-Henry F. Raduazo Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Holman & Stern 5 7 ABSTRACT An exhaust pipe of a steam turbine having channels for providing communication between the condenser [22] F1169: 1973 steam space and the zone of root sections of the mov- 2 App] 33 ,723 ing blades of the rotor final stages, and provided in the condenser steam space with a header having nozzles Related Apphcatlo Data for the supply of the cooling steam-water mixture to 1 1 Continuation Of 187268, Oct 1971, the condenser zone adjoining the channels.

abandoned.

1 Claim, 2 Drawing Figures 74 1 51 1 6 6 V I4 1 1 I 1 1 1 EXHAUST PIPE OF A STEAM TURBINE This is a continuation of application, Ser. No. 187,268, filed Oct. 7, 1971 now abandoned.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to steam turbines and, more particularly to exhaust pipes of steam turbines.

There are known in the art, prior art exhaust pipes of steam turbines having channels for communicating the condenser steam space with the zone of root sections of the moving blades of the rotor final stages (cf., Steam Turbines, by A. V.'Scheglyayev, Gosenergoizdat Publishers, 1967, p. 250, FIGS. 916).

The known exhaust pipes designs do not permit a prolonged operation of a steam turbine when running idle and at low loads, due to a considerable (as compared to the rated duty) increase of the working steam temperature in the exhaust pipes of low-pressure cylinders. Such a temperature increase in the exhaust pipes of low-pressure cylinders brings about misalignment of rotors, increased level of vibration and marked warping of the cylinders, as well as adversely affecting the tightness in the tubular connections of the condensers, which has a deleterious effect upon the turbine operation.

It is an object of the present invention to provide an exhaust pipe of a steam turbine, which is free of the afore-mentioned disadvantage of the known exhaust pipes.

This invention is aimed at the solution of a technical problem of making such improvements in the design of the exhaust pipe of a steam turbine that the use of the exhaust pipe ensures a prolonged operation of the tarbine when running idle and at low loads.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In the accomplishment of such object, the exhaust pipe of a steam turbine, according to the present invention, is-provided with at least one header mounted in the condenser steam space and having nozzles for the supply of a cooling steam-water mixture to the condenser zone adjoining channels adapted to provide communication between the condenser steam space and the zone of root sections of the moving blades of the rotor final stages. 2

This invention will be more apparent upon considering the following detailed description of an exemplary embodiment thereof, with due reference to the accom-.

panying drawings, in which:

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING FIG. I is a view partly in elevation and partly in cross section of the exhaust pipe of a steam turbine, in accordance with the present invention, and

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the header with nozzles, in accordance with the present invention.

- DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION v Referring now to FIG. 1 of the drawings, the exhaust pipe of the invention embodies channels 1 adapted to Channels I and 6 are formed in the exhaust pipe and separated from each other by means of ribs extending therebetween the steam space of a condenser 2 and a zone 3 of the root sections of moving blades 4 of the final stages of a rotor 5, and channels 6 arranged adjacent the channels I adapted to provide communication between the steam space of the condenser 2 and a zone 7 of end sections of the moving blades 4 of the final stages of the rotor 5. Mounted in the steam space of the condenser 2 opposite the channels 1 is a header denoted generally 8.

The header 8 consists of an outer pipe 9 (FIG. 2) provided with nozzles 10 and an inner pipe 11 with having nozzles 12. An annular space 13 is provided between the pipes 9 and 11.

When the turbine is running idle or at low loads, steam is dumped from a boiler (not shown in FIGS. 1 and 2) into the annular space 13 of the header 8.

Delivered under pressure to the inner pipe 11 is the condensate which is directed through the nozzles 12 into the annular space 13 to moisten the steam therein. With the moist steam pressure in the annular space 13 exceeding the pressure in the steam space of the condenser 2, moist steam is discharged via the nozzles 10 to the steam space of the condenser 2 in which it expands intensively and disperses in all directions. Such an expansion is conducive to the formation of moist steam with drops of moisture suspended therein (steam-water mixture) At the same time, due to the location of the header 8 in the steam space of the condenser 2 opposite the channels 1, the greater part of the steam-water mixture enters the zone of the condenser 2 which adjoins the channels 1 and then, via the channels 1, reaches the zone 3 of the root sections of the moving blades 4. Having reached the blades 4, drops of moisture are thrown by centrifugal forces to the periphery of the blades 4 and, mixing with main flow 14 of the turbine working steam, cool the main flow. Further on, the cooled main flow 14 moves, via the channels 6, to the condenser 2.

The present invention is advantageous in that the use of the exhuast pipe provides for maintaining the steam temperature in the zone of the moving blades of the rotor final stages and in exhaust pipes of the lowpressure cylinders, with the turbine running idle or at low loads, within the desired range, which results in prolonged operation of the turbine under the aforementioned conditions.

' The present device is reliable in operation and inexpensive to manufacture.

We claim:

1. An exhaust pipe of a steam turbine in which a rotor is provided with moving blades having root sections and end sections, which comprises: a condenser having a steam space; means forming first channels adapted to provide communication between the steam space of said condenser and a zone of the end sections of said moving blades of the final stages of said rotor and to direct the flow of the turbine working steam from said zone of the end sections to said condenser; means forming second channels adjacent to said first channels adapted to provide communication between the steam space of said condenser and a zone of the root sections of said moving blades of the final stages of said rotor; at least one mixing pressure header communicating with the driving fluid of said rotor installed in the steam space of said condenser; and nozzles in said header adapted to supply a cooling steam-water mixture to said condenser space adjoining said second channels to provide a flow of said steam-water mixture from said condenser to said zone of the root sections via said second channels when said turbine is running idle or at low loads. 

1. An exhaust pipe of a steam turbine in which a rotor is provided with moving blades having root sections and end sections, which comprises: a condenser having a steam space; means forming first channels adapted to provide communication between the steam space of said condenser and a zone of the end sections of said moving blades of the final stages of said rotor and to direct the flow of the turbine working steam from said zone of the end sections to said condenser; means forming second channels adjacent to said first channels adapted to provide communication between the steam space of said condenser and a zone of the root sections of said moving blades of the final stages of said rotor; at least one mixing pressure header communicating with the driving fLuid of said rotor installed in the steam space of said condenser; and nozzles in said header adapted to supply a cooling steam-water mixture to said condenser space adjoining said second channels to provide a flow of said steam-water mixture from said condenser to said zone of the root sections via said second channels when said turbine is running idle or at low loads. 